FDM

FDM is a 3D printing process where a thermoplastic filament is heated and extruded through a nozzle, depositing material layer by layer onto a build platform. In fablab and maker contexts, FDM printers are popular because they are relatively low-cost, sturdy and easy to operate. The method is well suited for rapid prototyping and functional parts, but has limitations such as visible layer lines, anisotropic mechanical properties (weaker between layers), and constraints in surface finish and very fine details.

Imagine you want to produce a bicycle-mounted phone holder in a fablab: you design the part in CAD and consider the loads (for example, shock and vibration). When slicing you choose a print orientation that minimizes critical loads across layer planes, set layer height (e.g. 0.2 mm), infill (e.g. 20–30%) and supports, and pick a material such as PLA or PETG. After printing you can sand edges, perform a light anneal or add heat‑set inserts for screws so the part is durable for everyday use.